Introducing New Structures for D-Type Latch and Flip-Flop in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Technology and its Use in Phase-Frequency Detector, Frequency Divider and Counter Circuits

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is an alternative to overcoming the constraints of CMOS technology. In this paper, a new structure for D-type latch is presented in QCA technology with set and reset terminals. The proposed structure, despite having the set and reset terminals, has only 35 quantum cells, a delay equal to half a cycle of clocks and an occupied area of ​​39204 nm2. Then, this structure has been used to implement D-type flip-flops that are sensitive to the rising, falling, and both edges. For example, the proposed structure of the rising edge D-type flip-flop has a 55 quantum cells with a delay of 0.75 clock cycles and an occupied area of ​​61404 nm2. In order to prove the proposed circuit behavior in more complex circuits, these structures have been used in the form of phase-frequency detectors, frequency dividers, and counters. Simulation of power parameters has been done for proposed structures.